ECHO

LVOT VTI









Normal VTI > 20 cm, normal cardiac index 2.6–4.2 l/min/m2, if it falls acutely below 2.2 l/min./m2, the patient may be in cardiogenic shock.


LVOT Vmax respiration variability (Pulse pressure variation, PPV)



Fluid responsiveness: PPV > 12 %. Sinusovy rytmus. UPV bez spotanni dechove aktivity. VT min. 8 ml/kg, driving pressure nad 20 cm H2O, normalni plicni poddajnost, absence IAH. Falesne pozitivni u pulsus paradoxus a dysfunkce RV.


Collapsibility/distensibility index IVC



Fluid responsiveness: collapsiblity (spont) > (12)–20–(40) %, distensibillity (UPV) > 12 %.